The Supreme Court ruled that the practice of “triple talaq”, whereby Muslim men can divorce their wives by reciting the word talaq (divorce) three times, was both unconstitutional and un-Islamic.
Victims including Shayara Bano, whose husband used triple talaq to divorce her in 2015, had approached India’s highest court to ask for a ruling.
A panel of five male judges from India’s major faiths — Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism and Zoroastrianism — said triple talaq was “not integral to religious practice and violates constitutional morality”.
They said it was “manifestly arbitrary” to allow a man to “break down (a) marriage whimsically and capriciously”.
“What is sinful under religion cannot be valid under law,” said the judges.
Bano, who suffered a nervous breakdown after her divorce, said it was a “historic occasion” for Muslim women.
“I appeal to the people to not politicise this issue and accept Supreme Court’s verdict on triple talaq,” she told reporters outside the court.
“I have felt the pain when family breaks. I hope no one has to go through this situation in future.”
– Divorced by WhatsApp –
India was one of the few nations that permitted triple talaq, which does not constitute legal divorce in neighbouring Pakistan or Bangladesh.
Muslim women say they have been divorced by their husbands via Skype and even WhatsApp messages.
India is officially secular and its constitution allows its 1.25 billion citizens to be governed by their own religious laws when it comes to marriage, divorce and property inheritance.
But Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist government wants to bring in a common civil code for all religious groups, a move it says will strengthen national unity.
Modi hailed the Supreme Court ruling as “historic”, saying in a tweet, “it grants equality to Muslim women and is a powerful measure for women empowerment”.
But the All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB), which claims to represent India’s 180 million Muslims, said the court case had been used to malign them.
The board had argued that the practice was “reprehensible” but should not be a matter for the courts or the government.
“This was made into a media campaign to malign the image of Muslims. We knew the court was in no mood to allow triple talaq,” its general secretary Moulana Mohammad Wali Rehmani told AFP
“All laws including modern laws have flaws and are misused. We were working on remedies and have suggested measures.”
Rehmani said the board would continue to work with the community for reform and may challenge the ruling.
The board had earlier accused Modi of triggering an “internal war” in India with plans to introduce a common civil code for all religions.
The judges deliberated for three months on the case before reaching their verdict, which was agreed by three of the five on the panel.
Chief Justice J.S. Khehar, who is due to retire later this month, was a dissenting voice.
He argued that while triple talaq was unconstitutional, it was for the government to decide whether it should be banned.
There is no mention of instant divorce in the Koran, which instead details a different process based on mediation.
“Until yesterday, a Muslim woman could be thrown out of her house on a very arbitrary basis and no reason would have been given to her,” Bano’s lawyer Balaji Srinivasan told AFP.
“From today onwards, any Muslim man wanting to divorce will have to follow the Koranic injunctions. So that’s a very important thing.”
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