Five things to know about Moldova

Moldova, which is hosting the second summit of the European Political Community on Thursday grouping up to 47 heads of state and government, is landlocked between Ukraine and EU member Romania.

One of Europe’s least visited countries, it is known for its wine industry and Orthodox monasteries. A frozen conflict over the mainly Russian-speaking Transnistria breakaway region is a key political issue.

Here are five things to know about the little ex-Soviet country, which this week will become the centre of European diplomacy:

Moldova between Russia and Europe

Under pro-European President Maia Sandu, who defeated the Russia-friendly incumbent Igor Dodon at the end of 2020, Moldova applied last year to join the EU and in June 2022 became a candidate country, alongside Ukraine.

The country’s pull between Moscow and Brussels reflects a complex history and a polarised society.

It was part of the Ottoman Empire for centuries, followed by Russian rule and then part of Romania before becoming the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1940. It became independent from the USSR in 1991 and was renamed Moldova.

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Moldova’s main language is Romanian. Russian is also quite widely spoken and many Moldovans work in the EU and Russia. The minority Turkic population speaks the Gagauz language, listed as endangered by UNESCO.

Moldova one of Europe’s poorest countries

Moldova is one of Europe’s poorest countries.

According to the World Bank, in 2021 it had a gross domestic product per capita of $5,230 — slightly more than a third of that of Romania and less than an eighth of that of France.

The country relies in large part on remittances sent by people working abroad, but this has caused the working-age population to fall sharply.

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Moldova’s army of 6,500 soldiers is equipped with mostly dilapidated equipment dating from the Soviet era that has not been modernised.

Meanwhile, Moldova has one of the lowest employment rates in Europe, particularly among its Roma population.

Wine and tourism in Moldova

With its 300 days of sunshine per year, the climate in Moldova is ideal for agriculture and particularly vineyards.

The wine industry is a major economic sector, representing three percent of Moldova’s GDP and eight percent of the country’s total exports, according to government data.

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Moldovan wine is being exported into over 70 states worldwide.

Barely larger than Belgium, the country has 122,000 hectares of vineyards and is among the 20 largest producers in the world, according to a report by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV).

Breakaway region

The Russia-backed breakaway region of Transnistria is one of the most complex issues for the country of 2.6 million people.

The Russian-speaking region broke away after a brief civil war following the collapse of the Soviet Union, and is not internationally recognised.

Moscow helps prop up the region which has close to 400,000 people. Its currency is called the ruble.

Moscow maintains around 1,500 soldiers and a large stockpile of ammunition in Transnistria. Moldova has repeatedly called for the region to be demilitarised.

Inspiration for Tintin, comedians

Moldova’s identity as one of the least-known countries in Europe has prompted authors to create fictional nations with similar names — Belgian cartoon character Tintin visited a place called Syldavia, while a group of Australian comedians wrote a parody travel guide to a generic eastern European country called “Molvania”.

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British comedian Tony Hawks wrote a book called “Playing the Moldovans at Tennis” about his bid to win a bet that he could beat the entire Moldovan football team on a court.