Indigenous trees are trees that are native to an area. These trees are integral to the function of an area’s ecosystem, providing not only oxygen for humans and other animal species but also increasing the quality of soil and helping with climate regulation, among many other benefits. South Africa is renowned for its diverse plant life, with a large number of plant species available for residents to plant in their garden. This is also encouraged by the government and ecological organisations, with the planting of exotic trees discouraged, because planting indigenous trees benefits the broader community. Find an ideal home for you to plant indigenous trees in.
The differences between indigenous trees and exotic trees
As mentioned above, indigenous trees are trees that are naturally found in a particular region. Examples of indigenous South African trees include the acacia tree, African holly (Ilex mitis), the baobab, the mopane tree, and more. Exotic trees are trees that originate from a different region. Although beautiful, planting these trees can have a disastrous effect on the local ecosystem. For starters, exotic trees tend to require more water which can put a strain on the indigenous plant life around them. They’re also prone to infestation, die out easily and cause subsidence, a problem that occurs when the soil beneath the ground becomes uneven which can potentially ruin structures in the area. Unlike exotic trees, planting indigenous trees has a myriad of benefits.
What are the benefits of planting indigenous trees?
● Indigenous trees help with improving soil quality by increasing water retention, which reduces the amount of runoff waste that ends up in the ocean.
● Trees help with regulating climate. Areas with fewer trees are scientifically proven to be warmer than areas with dense foliage.
● Trees are scientifically proven to boost wellbeing, with research showing that those who are exposed to trees daily are less likely to become depressed than those that aren’t.
● They maintain the local ecosystem by providing food and shelter for many animals.
● They can serve a decorative function.
● They can help with increasing curb appeal and thus property value, which is why much emphasis has been placed on planting trees in disadvantaged areas, to correct spatial inequalities.
● They filter pollution; and
● They are lower maintenance than exotic trees.
Things to consider before planting indigenous trees:
● Some indigenous trees should only be planted in their natural habitat. For example, the Outeniqua Yellowwood which is our national tree is naturally found in mountainous areas and forests in the northern, eastern and southern areas of the country. Therefore, you should only plant it if you live in those areas.
● With the above point in consideration, always research whether a tree is endemic to your particular area before planting it.
● Consider the climate of your area. Besides considering if a tree is endemic to your area, you should consider whether it has the ability to flourish in your climate. It wouldn’t make sense to plant a tree that is coastal resistant in a coastal area.
● Consider the amount of rainfall your area gets.
● Plant your tree in the right area. This means considering your garden size. If you’re planting near your house, make sure you plant trees that don’t grow too tall as you’ll have to clean the shedding leaves from the roof frequently and it may block sunlight.
● Some trees have far-spreading roots, so they must be planted far from the house.
● Trees that bear fruit can attract bats, which can be problematic as you’ll have to clean their excrement.
● Consider if your tree will infringe on your neighbour’s property when it grows bigger. Make sure it’s in a location that wouldn’t cause issues regarding leaves or fruit falling into their pool or yard.
● Consider if you’re planting a tree for medicinal, hedge, or windbreaker use.
Here are 3 examples of indigenous trees you should consider planting in your garden:
1. Outeniqua Yellowwood (Afrocarpus falcatus)
2. Acacia/Sweet Thorn/Vachellia Karroo
3. Wild Peach Tree/ Wildeperske (Kiggelaria africana)
There are many benefits to planting an indigenous tree, with Yellowwood, acacia, and wild peach being a few options you can consider for your garden.