Along with a growing concern that people spend too much time staring at their phones, instead of interacting with others, is the immediate and long-term effects smartphone addiction has on the brain.
To find out, researchers used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to gain unique insight into the brains of 19 teenagers diagnosed with smartphone- and internet addiction.
MRS is a type of MRI that measures the brain’s chemical composition.
Twelve participants received nine weeks of cognitive behavioural therapy, modified from a cognitive therapy program for gaming addiction, as part of the study.
Using standardised internet and smartphone addiction tests, researchers measured the severity of their addiction.
The smartphone-addicted teenagers had significantly higher scores in depression, anxiety, insomnia severity and impulsivity.
The researchers performed MRS exams on the addicted youth before and after behavioural therapy and a single MRS study on the control patients.
Researchers were looking at the levels of gamma aminobutyric acid – GABA – a neurotransmitter in the brain that inhibits or slows down brain signals, and glutamate-glutamine (Glx), a neurotransmitter that causes neurons to become more electrically excited.
The results revealed that, compared to the healthy controls, the ratio of GABA to Glx was significantly increased in the anterior cingulate cortex of smartphone- and internet-addicted youth prior to therapy.
The ratios of GABA to creatine and GABA to glutamate were significantly correlated to clinical scales of internet and smartphone addictions, depression and anxiety.
Having too much GABA can result in a number of side effects, including drowsiness and anxiety.
The good news is GABA to Glx ratios in the addicted youth significantly decreased or normalised after cognitive behavioural therapy.
Source: Radiological Society of North America via www.sciencedaily.com
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