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The slow uptake of mutual banks in South Africa begs a need for the SA Reserve Bank – the custodian of banks in South Africa – to review its regulations governing the establishment of mutual banks.
Mutual banks are meant to uplift ordinary South Africans, enabling them to participate in the mainstream economy as shareholders, receive dividends if the bank turns a profit – depending on the types of shares one holds.
One of the advantages of setting up a mutual bank for its members is that it reduces the costs for providing services, as opposed to commercial Banks
Unlike a commercial bank where its shareholders, are not necessarily depositors or customers, depositing funds in a mutual bank means acquiring a stake while being a customer.
Mutual banks are seen as a safe place for deposits, offering benefits such as interest on deposits and dividends on shares.
According to the Prudential Authority, there are currently 31 banking entities in South Africa, of which only four are registered as mutual banks. These are GBS Mutual Bank, Finbond Mutual Bank, Bank Zero, and the liquidated VBS Mutual Bank
Combined, South Africa’s banks reflect a total asset value of just under R6.5 trillion, while mutual banks account for R3.4 billion in assets.
Mutual banks already have stricter restrictions as stipulated in the Mutual Bank Act of 1993 where it states – required to have accumulated share capital and unimpaired reserve funds as prescribed.
Moreover, liquid assets to a value not less than its aggregate liabilities must be always held, and such assets cannot be pledged or encumbered.
National Treasury has proposed the Financial Sector Laws Amendment Bill of 2020 with the aim to bolster consumer protection – a deposit insurance payable by banks operating in SA to prevent the repercussions of any reckless behaviour by a bank from negatively impacting its clients or the banking industry.
Introducing the amendment bill, National Treasury director for financial stability Vukile Davidson said the legislation would bring South Africa in line with other economies in the global Group of 20 in terms of protections provided to clients and economies.
But this could also be a setback to grow the number of mutual banks in the country in the process, by delaying the growth of participants in the economy.
Improved digital technologies have enabled the entrance of a new type of mutual bank – Bank Zero.
Following in the footsteps of Bank Zero is the Young Women in Business Network (YWBN) which was granted authorisation to establish a mutual bank in March 2021 – subject to complying with the conditions of the Mutual Banks Act.
YWBN is awaiting to be granted a licence to operate as a mutual bank.
Upon being granted a banking licence, YWBN Mutual Bank plans to be the first majority black women-owned and broad-based mutual bank in South Africa that will also be an app-based bank – focusing on the unbanked and underserved market which has been ignored by the established banks, particularly majority black women.
It also plans to be accessible in all nine provinces for self-service through online and mobile platforms without physical bank branches, a traditional method of transacting with customers, that the commercial banks are slowly cutting down.
The product offering to clients range from savings to business loans to clients – focusing on the unbanked and underserved market, particularly the majority of black women.
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