Bipolar disorder disease – wrestling the beasts

THE World Health Organization says bipolar disorder is the 6th leading cause of disability in the world.

Previously known as manic-depressive disorder, it is a medical condition that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.

These shifts in mood, from extreme highs to extreme lows, affect thoughts, feelings, physical health, behaviour and functioning.

World Bipolar Disorder Day

Essentially, in the manic or ‘high’ phase of the illness, the sufferer is ecstatic.

But a great burst of energy can be followed by severe depression, which is the ‘low’ phase of the disease.

‘Periods of fairly normal moods can be experienced between cycles,’ says Dr Riyas Fadal, Life Healthcare Group Complementary Services Manager.

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of biochemical, genetic and psychological factors.

Bipolar disorder is not restricted to any social or educational class, race, gender or nationality and very often episodes occur for no apparent reason.

Symptoms

The symptoms can vary widely in their pattern, severity and frequency.

There are four types of mood episodes in bipolar disorder: mania, hypomania, depression and mixed episodes.

Each type of bipolar disorder mood episode has a unique set of symptoms, and although it’s treatable, many people don’t recognise the warning signs:

• Feeling unusually ‘high’ and optimistic – or extremely irritable

• Unrealistic, grandiose beliefs about one’s abilities or powers

• Sleeping very little, but feeling extremely energetic

• Racing thoughts; jumping quickly from one idea to the next

• Impaired judgment and impulsiveness

• Feeling hopeless, sad, or empty

• Fatigue or loss of energy

• Feelings of worthlessness or guilt

• Thoughts of death or suicide

Treatable

These cycles are different for different people, and can last for days, weeks or even months.

But Dr Fadal says that while the effects of the disorder can vary, it’s important to understand that the condition is treatable.

Although bipolar disorder can be disabling, it also responds well to treatment.

Since many other diseases can masquerade as manic depression, it is important that the person undergoes a complete medical evaluation as soon as possible,’ says Dr Fadal, who says psychiatrists may play a vital role in the diagnosis and management of bipolar disorder.

‘The earlier treatment is started, the more effective it may be in preventing future episodes.’

If you suspect that you, a family member or a friend has bipolar disorder, you should consult a mental health professional.

This can be done directly or through your family physician, your health maintenance organisation, or your community mental health centre or psychiatrist.

Self-help and support groups can also be helpful.

‘The outlook for people with bipolar disorder today is optimistic.

‘Many new and promising treatments are being developed and with the right treatment, most should be able to lead full and productive lives,’ says Dr Fadal.

If someone you know is experiencing mental health problems or needs urgent support, contact 011 219 9626 or email mentalhealth.headoffice@lifehealthcare.co.za

• Sources: allhealthynews.com / lifehealthcare.co.za / haikudeack.com

HAVE YOUR SAY

Like our Facebook page and follow us on Twitter.

For news straight to your phone invite us:

WhatsApp – 072 069 4169

Instagram – zululand_observer