Separation anxiety in babies, toddlers, and older children
It's critical to effectively manage separation anxiety in children. Here are a few ways you can help your child cope.
As parents, we can rattle off a list of typical milestones, but few realise that learning to say goodbye to Mom and Dad is also a milestone – one that is critical to our child learning true independence. As a result, it’s crucial to assist them in dealing with their first goodbye before they develop a more serious case of childhood separation anxiety.
Crying, clinginess, tantrums, and fear of separation from a parent or caregiver are all normal reactions at certain stages, according to counselling psychologist Michele Perkins. However, it could be a sign of a more serious problem in children in some cases.
“Managing childhood separation anxiety well is vital. Be careful that your child doesn’t pick up your anxiety too. Your goal is to raise independent, well-functioning adults, and this must underpin all interactions with your child,” says Angela Hutchison, parenting skills coach and founder of Parent Works.
Separation anxiety in babies
Around six to eight months of age, babies may develop separation anxiety. This often peaks at around nine months. Symptoms range from slight upset to distress. A baby may fear that his parents won’t return when he’s out of sight. Object permanence resolves closer to one year of age when separation anxiety becomes less of an issue.
Tools for coping
The understanding that objects still exist even if you can’t see, feel or hear them, is still developing in babies aged six to eight months. Your little one can’t understand that when you leave the room, you’re not gone forever. Playing peekaboo and hide and seek encourage the development of object permanence.
When you have a task to do in the next room, encourage your baby to play with toys. Praise your baby for his attempts to amuse himself.
Saying goodbye when leaving the room and continuing to speak to him from the other room can assure him that you’re within reach. On returning, a warm cuddle will reassure him.
Separation anxiety in toddlers
Separation anxiety peaks again at around 18 months and can take the form of tantrums and showing aggression.
Tools for coping
For toddlers and babies, it’s important to empathise through physical actions, by holding your child close, spending time calming him, and offering words of encouragement – ones that give him a sense of what he can do.
Having a favourite soft toy or blanket that your little one knows is consistent whether his caregiver is around or not and can also help to ease the anxiety. A parent may need to examine their own guilt or anxiety at having to leave their child. Children pick up on this.
Don’t prolong goodbyes. A child may get the message that there really is something to worry about when they see anxiety in their parent.
Separation anxiety in older children
If you’re leaving your child at daycare or school, it can be stressful if separation issues emerge. A child may even develop a stomach ache the night before, in anticipation.
Tools for coping
We tend to pretend that the anxiety doesn’t exist. A more helpful approach would be to say: “You really don’t like it when Mom leaves. It makes you feel scared. As hard as it is, I know you can do it because you’ve done it before”.
When reunited, talk to your child, ask him how his day went, and reaffirm his ability to cope. Tell him stories of when he did manage – not your perception of the experience, but only parts of the day that he has told you.
When it’s more serious
Separation Anxiety Disorder is a psychological condition characterised by excessive anxiety in children at the thought of separation from their caregivers or home and causes more distress than would typically be expected. The symptoms usually appear during the preschool years, after a significant stressor, such as moving schools or home, or after a death, and can last up to a month.
Signs
• Look out for nightmares, refusing to sleep alone, headaches, and stomach aches.
• Children may also fear harm befalling themselves or their parents during the separation and may refuse to go to school or a childminder.
Good to know: Your child may not display all the symptoms of childhood separation anxiety disorder, but if they persist, a psychologist with an interest in working with these issues is recommended.
