What is pyometra?
Pyometra (pus-filled uterus) is a serious and life threatening infection associated with a condition known as ‘cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)’.
It used to be thought that female cats were induced ovulators, meaning ovulation occurs when the cat mates, however it is not believed that the female may ovulate spontaneously (without mating) and several ovulations may have occurred without the owner being aware.
It is also speculated that even mild stroking of the queen in heat may be enough to induce ovulation.
What are the symptoms of pyometra in cats?
Pyometra usually appears six to eight weeks after the queen goes out of heat. It is a life-threatening infection and requires immediate veterinary attention. Pyometra may come on quickly or take several months to fully develop. Cats who have repeated heat cycles without being bred are at greater risk of developing pyometra.
There are two types of pyometra, open and closed. It is important to note that all cases of pyometra are medical emergencies, but closed pyometra is far more dangerous and life-threatening.
As well as the possible discharge from the vagina, your cat may display some or all of these symptoms:
- Anorexia (loss of appetite)
- Weight loss
- Lethargy
- Fever
- Normal, increased or decreased body temperature
- Polydipsia (excessive thirst) and polyuria (excessive urination)
- Distended abdomen
- Abdominal pain
- Dehydration
- Panting
How is pyometra diagnosed?
Your veterinarian will perform a physical examination of your cat and ask for a medical history such as when her last heat cycle was. He may observe the discharge of pus from the vagina, and be able to feel the enlarged uterus. This can be confirmed by ultrasound or X-ray.
How is pyometra treated?
If the queen is not required for breeding purposes then an ovariohysterectomy (desexing/spaying) is the best option. Antibiotics will be given to control the infection and IV fluids to treat dehydration.
There is a chance that treatment will not be successful, and for pyometra to recur in cats treated for pyometra but not spayed.
