Exercise considerations and recommendations for people with Dementia

People who suffer from Dementia have a higher level of restlessness or agitation at the end of the day which experts have labeled ‘sundowning’. Therefore, the exercise programme should be scheduled preferably in the morning. It must also be a structured routine. Loved ones with any form of Dementia should always train under supervision.

There are different types of exercises that they can follow with supervision from a loved one or a Caregiver:

Strength training

Requires muscles to generate a force to move or resist a given weight. This can be achieved by using elastic bands, free weights, body weight or weight machines. Progressive resistance training will help maintain or improve muscle mass, strength, and endurance which in return improves balance and makes activities of daily living easier.

Aerobic training: walking and chair aerobic exercises

Use large muscle groups (cycling, swimming, walking) that will increase the heart rate for an extended period. Walking requires some muscle strength, balance and engages the cardiovascular and respiratory system. As we age, we start to walk slower, our posture changes and strides generally become shorter. Regular balance and leg strength exercise can have a positive effect on slowing down the effect of ageing on walking. Emphasize enjoyment while doing the exercises and maintain function.

Flexibility training

It is the ability to move a joint through a full range of motion. Lack of flexibility can result in poor function, injury and increased risk of falls. When doing stretches, take it to the points of discomfort and not pain, hold for 20 – 30 seconds. Stretch postural muscle groups. Focus on exercises that can be done on a bed or chair.

Balance exercises

Balance exercises are effective in reducing falls when performed a minimum of two to three days per week. Progressively increase the difficulty of the balance exercises by gradually reducing the base of support, e.g. stand on two legs semi tandem heel-to-toe and then on one leg. You can also add dynamic movements to challenge your centre of gravity. Combining strength, balance, endurance, and flexibility exercises have shown to be the most effective in reducing falls.

Ease of movement for the person living with Dementia can temper down and therefore it is essential to keep on moving and doing specific exercises to help increase body strength.  A stronger body and better balance will definitely lower fall risks and this is a very important aspect to look at.  It is a good idea to consult with a bio kineticist or physiotherapist to work out an exercise routine which the person with Dementia can follow in their own time, with supervision and assistance from a loved one or a Caregiver.

For more information visit www.medwell.co.za