Climate change could affect crops

The study has overturned a long-standing hypothesis about plant speciation – the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

Unlike humans and most other animals, plants can tolerate multiple copies of their genes, some plants, called polyploids, can have more than 50 duplicates of their genomes in every cell. Scientists thought these extra genomes helped polyploids survive in new and extreme environments, like the tropics or the arctic, promoting the establishment of new species.

However, when Dr Kelsey Glennon of the Wits School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences and a team of international collaborators tested this long-standing hypothesis, they found that, more often than not, polyploids shared the same habitats as their close relatives with normal genome sizes.

“This means that environmental factors do not play a large role in the establishment of new plant species and that maybe other factors, like the ability to spread your seeds to new locations with similar habitats, are more important,” said Glennon.

She added that, “This study has implications for agriculture and climate change because all of our important crops are polyploids and they might not be much better at adapting to changing climate than their wild relatives if they live in similar climates.”

Glennon’s study also provides an alternative explanation for why plants are so diverse in places like the Cape where the climate has been stable for hundreds of thousands of years. Although her study examined plant species from North America and Europe only, she is looking forward to testing her hypotheses using South African plants.

Glennon’s paper has been published in Ecology Letters, a flagship journal for broad-scale ecology research.