What you need to know about Ebola
METRO – Ebola is still plaguing West Africa and many people are still not aware of the facts.
As Ebola continues to plague some West African countries and having managed to seep through other continents, many people are still unaware of the virus and its consequences.
With that in mind, here are some essential facts about Ebola.
What is Ebola?
Ebola Virus Disease, previously known as Ebola Haemorrhagic Disease, is a severe and often fatal disease in humans and primates that has appeared sporadically since its discovery in 1976.
Where is Ebola found?
The exact origin is unknown, however, based on current information, the disease is believed to be zoonotic (animal-borne) with four out of five subtypes occurring in an animal host in Africa. The virus is not known to be native to other continents, except a similar host likely in the Philippines.
Where do Ebola cases occur?
Confirmed cases have been reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Sudan, the Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Uganda. There have been a couple of reported cases in the United States.
How does the Ebola virus spread?
Infection with the Ebola virus are acute. There is no carrier state because of the lack of information from its origin, however, researchers have hypothesised that the first patient becomes infected after coming into contact with infected animals. After the first patient is infected, the virus can spread to other humans if they come into direct contact with the infected person’s blood and/or secretions. In African healthcare facilities, most patients are treated without the use of gloves, masks or gowns, thus the infection spreads through hospitals or clinics.
What are the symptoms of Ebola?
The incubation period for Ebola is two to 21 days. The onset is characterised by fever, headache, joint and muscle pains, sore throat and weakness, followed by diarrhoea, vomiting and stomach pain. A rash, red eyes and hiccups could be seen as well as internal and external bleeding in some cases. Researchers are unclear why some patients recover while others don’t.
What tests are done to diagnose the Ebola virus?
Blood is tested for the Ebola virus to diagnose the Ebola Virus Disease.
How is Ebola treated?
There is no treatment. Patients receive supportive therapy and are treated for any complicating infections.
How is the Ebola Virus Disease prevented?
There are only a few primary preventions such as staff being able to recognise Ebola cases. After this, the staff must be able to wear protective clothing, be trained in sterilisation techniques, isolation of the patient and infection control measures and, lastly, treatment of a deceased patient.
