Second to lung cancer, prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men globally.

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According to the South African Prostate Cancer Foundation (SAPCF), prostate cancer is regarded as the most common cancer in men, with a lifetime risk affecting one in 28.

It is estimated that 20% of diagnosed patients are likely to die from the disease.

September is Prostate Cancer Awareness month and men aged 40 and above are urged to use this time to undergo screening for the disease.

According to Dr Sumesh Padayachee, urologist at Life The Glynnwood Hospital, simply knowing what prostate cancer is, is not enough.

“Early detection means a greater chance of less invasive treatment, and better outcomes for those affected by the disease,” he said.

The prostate gland is a male reproductive organ, responsible for the secretion of prostatic fluid which is important for the nourishment and transport of sperm.

Prostate cancer occurs when cells within the gland begin to grow unnaturally fast.

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“These abnormal cells can spread and affect the normal functioning of other organs in the body as well,” he said.

Local research indicates that within the South African population, black African males have the highest risk of being affected.

“The backbone of management involves early detection and appropriate screening from the age of 45 years,” said Padayachee.

“This involves a simple annual blood test and a rectal examination of the prostate gland.

Regular screening is important, as it allows urologists to explore a wider range of treatment options for patients in order to increase the chances of survival.

To allow for effective early diagnosis and treatment, patients should seek medical consultation if they notice any of the following:

• Any change or difficulty with normal urination.

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Straining or forcing urine out, waking up at night to urinate, urinating more times a day than previously, inability to hold urine in and the feeling of incomplete urination are all signs to look out for.

• The presence blood in the urine.

• Any dramatic loss of weight and fatigue associated with above symptoms.